GIES Case Study on Huinan
Rice Permanent Basic Farmland, Jilin Province of China
WANG Ping¹
HE Jiwei²
TIAN Chengyi³ WANG Yongfu4 ZHAO Lili5 WANG Lan6 LIANG Lili7 WANG Sen8 PAN Xiaoming9 GAO Zhenghang10 LI Peng11 XUE Wei12 LI Jianing13 ZHANG Di14 MA Chengwei15 TONG Lishuai16 SUN Xuejun17 ZHANG Chongjun³ ZOU Liping³ MENG Xiangjun18* MENG Weiren19 AI Zhiguo20 NI Xuejian21 ZHANG Jianxiu22 GUO Hongyi23 SHEN Baohua24 SHI Yanhui25 CHEN Yan26 ZHAO Ling26* ZHAO Guiyu26 WANG Hongqiao26 YAN Yunxian26 CHE Xiaocui26 TIAN Lu26 SUN Xu26 LAI Shiwei26
1.Northeast
Normal University, Changchun
130024, China; 2.Huinan County People's Government, Huinan 135100, China; 3.Huinan County
Market Supervision Administration, Huinan 135199, China; 4.Chaoyang Town
People's Government, Huinan 135100, China; 5.Huinan Town
People's Government, Huinan 135102, China; 6.Fumin Town
People's Government, Huinan 135115, China; 7.Yangzishao
Town People's Government, Huinan 135122, China; 8.Shidaohe Town
People's Government, Huinan 135108, China; 9.Shansonggang
Town People's Government, Huinan 135114, China; 10.Huifacheng
Town People's Government, Huinan 135125, China; 11.Jinchuan
Town People's Government, Huinan 135117, China; 12.Loujie
Township People's Government, Huinan 135119, China; 13.Qingyang
Town People's Government, Huinan 135107, China; 14.Tuanlin Town
People's Government, Huinan 135124, China; 15.Dongfeng
Subdistrict Office, Huinan 135100, China; 16.Xifeng
Subdistrict Office, Huinan 135100, China; 17.Chaohui
Subdistrict Office, Huinan 135100, China; 18.Jilin
University of Finance and Economics, Changchun
130117, China; 19.Jilin
Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Innovation Center for Agricultural
Science and Technology), Changchun 130033, China; 20.Huinan
County Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Huinan 135199, China; 21.Jilin Nishi
Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Huinan 135122, China; 22.Jilin Huinong Japonica Rice Science and Technology Development
Co., Ltd., Huinan 135102, China; 23.Jilin Sanhe Farm Co., Ltd., Huinan 135199, China; 24.Jilin Changxing Cereal Food Co., Ltd., Huinan 135119, China; 25.Guanghui
Village, Huifacheng Town, Huinan 135125, China; 26.Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Abstract：To
promote the development and protection of geographical indication products in
the Changbai Mountain areas and facilitate
high-quality agricultural development and rural revitalization in Huinan County, this study takes rice grown on volcanic ash
substrate in Huinan County as the research subject.
Based on the unique habitat conditions of the Changbai
Mountain valley plain, field investigation, sample testing and data analysis
methods were adopted to systematically summarize the natural habitat characteristics,
product attributes and industrial operation status of rice cultivation in Huinan County. This paper further explores the influence mechanism
of habitat factors on rice quality, and identifies the core strengths and
existing deficiencies in the cultivation of geographical indications. The
results show that Huinan County boasts distinctive
habitat advantages including temperate continental monsoon climate, volcanic
ash substrate soil and irrigation with pure mountain spring water. The local
rice features fine varieties, abundant trace elements, and contaminant levels
far below national standards. In addition, a complete rice industrial chain and
a tripartite collaborative brand building mechanism have been established,
laying a solid foundation for geographical indication cultivation. Meanwhile,
prominent challenges still restrict the geographical indication development of Huinan rice, such as insufficient brand influence, limited
coverage of standardized production, and low added value of the industrial
chain. On this basis, this study scientifically demonstrates the correlation
between quality advantages and habitat endowments of Huinan
rice through empirical data. It provides practical support for the geographical
indication cultivation, industrial quality improvement and efficiency
enhancement of Huinan rice, and also offers a
reference model for the development and protection of geographical indications
of characteristic agricultural products in mountainous areas of Northeast China.The case dataset consists of case study area scope,
physical geographic data, product characteristic data, operation and management
information, socio-economic and historical-cultural data, as well as on-site
photographs. Stored in the formats of .shp, .docx, .tif, .jpg and .xlsx, the dataset contains 62 individual
files with a total size of 73.0 MB (compressed into a single file of 20.5 MB).
Keywords:
Huinan County; rice; permanent farmland; volcanic ash
substrate; GIES; Case 37
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3974/geodp.2026.04.01
CSTR: https://cstr.escience.org.cn/CSTR:20146.14.2026.04.01
With the growing demand
for high-quality agricultural products and the continuous improvement of living
quality requirements in the new era, premium agricultural products have become
an indispensable part of people’s daily life. To meet the urgent
market demand for high-quality agricultural goods, the concept of
"high-quality geographical products" (covering geographical
indication products, geographically featured products and geo-typical
traditional products) has emerged accordingly[1]. The Jilin Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People’s Government attach great importance
to the conservation and development of the Changbai
Mountain region. Regarding ecological protection and high-quality development
in this area as the core of developing the characteristic food industry and
building the "Ji" regional brand system, Jilin has launched a series
of key major projects.
To thoroughly implement
President Xi Jinping’s development philosophy of “lucid waters and lush mountains are
invaluable assets,” advance high-quality regional
development, and enhance the brand value of Jilin Province, we focus on
geographical indication products in the Changbai
Mountain area of Jilin Province and launch the project on the development and
protection of the “Changbai Mountain” geographical indication in Jilin
Province, centering on the goal of building the Changbai
Mountain into “a world-renowned ecological, tourism
and cultural landmark.”During his inspection tour in Jilin
Province, President Xi Jinping stressed that “the key to agricultural
modernization lies in scientific and technological modernization; we should
strengthen the integration of agriculture with science and technology and
enhance cooperation between agricultural bases and research institutes.”[2]Against this backdrop, to effectively promote high-quality agricultural
development and rural revitalization in Huinan
County, Jilin Agricultural University has carried out extensive field
investigations and in-depth cooperation with Huinan
County.
2 Introduction to Dataset Metadata
The information such as
the name, authors, geographical area, data time period, dataset composition,
data publication and sharing service platform, and data sharing policy of Dataset on
Geographical Indication Habitat Case of Huinan Rice in the Changbai Mountain River
Valley Plain[3] is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Simplified Metadata Table of Dataset on Geographical
Indication Habitat Case of Huinan Rice in the Changbai Mountain River Valley Plain
|
Item |
Description |
|
|
Dataset Title |
Geographical Indication Habitat Case of
Huinan Rice in the Changbai
Mountain River Valley Plain |
|
|
Dataset Short Name |
Huinan Rice |
|
|
Author Information |
WANG Ping, School of Geographical
Sciences, Northeast Normal University
|
wangp666@nenu.edu.cn |
|
HE Jiwei, Deputy County Mayor
of Huinan County People’s Government |
zhanghao1996@163.com |
|
|
TIAN Chengyi, Huinan County Administration for Market Regulation |
1143866329@qq.com |
|
|
WANG Yongfu,Chaoyang Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
ZHAO Lili,Huinan Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
WANG Lan,Fumin Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
LIANG Lili,Yangzishao Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
WANG Sen,Shidaohe Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
PAN Xiaoming,Shansonggang Town
People's Government, Huinan |
||
|
GAO Zhenghang,Huifacheng Town
People's Government, Huinan |
||
|
LI Peng,Jinchuan Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
XUE Wei,Loujie Township People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
LI Jianing,Qingyang Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
ZHANG Di,Tuanlin Town People's
Government, Huinan |
||
|
MA Chengwei,Dongfeng Subdistrict
Office, Huinan |
||
|
TONG Lishuai,Xifeng Subdistrict
Office, Huinan |
||
|
SUN Xuejun,Chaohui Subdistrict
Office, Huinan |
||
|
ZHANG Chongjun, Huinan County Administration for Market Regulation
|
2682806468@qq.com |
|
|
ZOU Liping, Huinan
County Administration for Market Regulation
|
zouliping1125@163.com |
|
|
MENG Xiangjun,
Jilin University of Finance and Economics
|
mengxj617@163.com |
|
|
MENG Weiren, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast China Innovation Center for
Agricultural Science and Technology) |
mwr1104@126.com |
|
|
AI Zhiguo, Huinan County Agricultural Technology Extension Station
|
azg777@163.com |
|
|
NI Xuejian,Jilin
Province Ni's Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
|
862610767@qq.com |
|
|
ZHANG Jianxiu,
Jilin Huinong Japonica Rice Science and Technology
Development Co. Ltd.
|
961506291@qq.com |
|
|
GUO Hongyi, Jilin Sanhe
Farm Co. Ltd.
|
303700618@qq.com |
|
|
SHEN Baohua,
Jilin Changxing Grain and Food Co. Ltd.
|
shenbaohua@126.com |
|
|
SHI Yanhui,Guanghui Village, Huifa Town, Huinan County,
Jilin Province. |
1438746701@qq.com |
|
|
CHEN Yan,Jilin Agricultural
University |
602563840@qq.com |
|
|
ZHAO Ling, Jilin Agricultural University
|
zhaol@jlau.edu.cn |
|
|
ZHAO Guiyu, Jilin Agricultural University
|
zhaoguiyu@jlau.edu.cn |
|
|
WANG Hongqiao, Jilin Agricultural
University
|
wanghq921@126.com
|
|
|
YAN Yunxian,
Jilin Agricultural University
|
yanyunxian@126.com |
|
|
CHE Xiaocui,Jilin Agricultural University |
||
|
TIAN Lu, Jilin Agricultural University
|
tianlu-1982@163.com |
|
|
SUN Xu, Jilin Agricultural University
|
389099907@qq.com |
|
|
LAI Shiwei，Jilin Agricultural University
|
1084343694@qq.com |
|
|
Geographical Coverage |
Huinan County, Tonghua
City, Jilin Province |
|
|
Temporal Coverage |
2000-2024 |
|
|
Data Formats |
.shp 、.tif、.xls 、.docx 、.jpg |
|
|
Data Volume |
73 MB |
|
|
Dataset Vomponents |
Location data of the case area, natural geographic data, rice product characteristic data, management data, photographs and images |
|
|
Publication and Sharing Platform |
Global Change Scientific Research Data Publishing System http://www.geodoi.ac.cn |
|
|
Address |
Institute of Geographic Sciences
and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing |
|
|
Data Sharing Policy |
(1) The dataset is openly accessible to all users online and may
be browsed and downloaded free of charge. |
|
|
Data and Academic Paper Retrieval System |
DOI，CSTR，Crossref，DCI，CSCD，CNKI，SciEngine，WDS，GEOSS，PubScholar， CKRSC |
|
3 Research and Development of Case Data
3.1 Scope of the Case Study Area
3.1.1
Overview of Huinan County
Huinan County is situated in
the northern part of Tonghua City, at the western
foothills of the Changbai Mountains (Fig1). It spans
from 42°16′19″N to 42°49′15″N and 125°58′49″E to 126°44′39″E. The county
administers 3 subdistricts, 10 towns, and 1 ethnic township.
Fig1 Overview of the Study
Area
(This map was compiled with
reference to the standard map[1] with the
map review number Ji S(2019) No.047)
3.2 Habitat
Characteristics
3.2.1 Terrain characteristics
Huinan County is situated at
the western foot of the Changbai Mountains and
belongs to a semi-mountainous area. Ancient volcanic eruptions in geological
history have shaped its unique terrain, which gradually declines from the
southeast to the northwest, comprising four landform types: low mountains,
hills, terraces and river valley plains. The Longgang Mountains, a branch of
the Changbai Mountains, stretch across the
southeastern part of the county, with an average altitude ranging from 500 m to
700 m. The central hilly and semi-mountainous areas generally lie at an
altitude of 400 m to 500 m. Mountains and hills account for 67.9% of the
county’s total area, forming a natural ecological barrier for the whole region[5]. Along the rivers in the
west and northwest are river valley plains at elevations of 300–400 m, with
slopes of less than 2°. This open and flat terrain provides vast and easily
irrigated farmland for large-scale rice cultivation, and also strongly supports
the large-scale development of rice grown on volcanic ash substrate in Huinan. (Fig 2 and Fig3).
Fig.2
Elevation Map of Huinan County Fig.3 Slope Classification Map of Huinan County
3.2.2 Land Use and Vegetation Cover
Huinan County has a total
cultivated land area of 87,605.35 hm². Four townships, namely Yangzishao, Chaoyang, Huinan and Huifa, boast relatively large cultivated land areas,
collectively accounting for 48.02% of the county’s total. Rice cultivation is
highly concentrated on irrigated land and paddy fields in river valley plains.
With gentle terrain and convenient irrigation, these lands serve as the core
carrier for large-scale production of high-quality rice. In contrast, low
mountains and hilly areas with steep slopes are mainly covered by forest land
and dry farmland, with very limited rice planting. As can be seen from Fig. 4,
the orange cropland patches are distributed in strips along the rivers and are
highly coupled with the blue water areas and land used for water conservancy
facilities, forming a spatial pattern of water–farmland symbiosis that provides
natural irrigation conditions for rice cultivation.
Fig4
Land Use Map of Huinan County
Further pixel-wise
linear trend analysis of annual NDVI median values from 2000 to 2025 shows that
greening pixels with statistically significant trends (p<0.05) are widely
and continuously distributed throughout the county. This quantitatively verifies
the long-term steady improvement of the regional ecological environment.
Significantly greened pixels are predominantly located in concentrated paddy
field areas of river valley plains, presenting a synergistic optimization
feature of “better land with improved quality”. It strongly demonstrates the
stable support of favorable habitat conditions for crop cultivation. Benefiting
from continuously improved vegetation coverage, abundant soil mineral
accumulation and clean irrigation water, local rice achieves sufficient
accumulation of nutrients. This provides solid and unique ecological guarantees
for producing high-quality rice with superior taste and stable quality (Fig.5).
Fig.5 NDVI Change Slope Map of Huinan County (2000-2025)
3.2.3 Meteorological Characteristics
Huinan County has a temperate
continental monsoon climate. Regulated by the transitional terrain of hills and
semi‑mountains, it features four distinct seasons: windy and dry springs, hot
and rainy summers, mild and cool autumns, as well as long and cold winters[6-7]. From 2005 to 2024, the
regional average temperature was 5.39 ℃, with an annual frost‑free period of
148 days and an average annual sunshine duration of 2410.41 hours.
Precipitation is mainly concentrated from June to August, with an average
annual rainfall of 745.96 mm. Prevailing winds are southwesterly and westerly;
wind speed reaches the maximum in spring and the minimum in summer. The annual
average number of gale days is 13 days, with a mean wind speed of 2.19 m/s, and
the annual accumulated temperature exceeds 2800 ℃ (Fig 6).
During the rice growing
season, the study area enjoys sufficient sunshine, a marked diurnal temperature
range, and precipitation that aligns well with rice water demand. The high
coordination of light, heat and water not only prolongs the grain filling period
and promotes the accumulation of dry matter and flavor substances, but also
reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests. It ensures the natural and
pollution‑free production of rice and provides solid climatic support for the
formation of high‑quality rice.
As a typical
thermophilic and water‑demanding crop, rice has periodic demands for
temperature and precipitation in producing areas. The climate of the case study
area is characterized by hot and rainy summers with synchronized rainfall and
heat, which is highly consistent with the rice growth cycle and conducive to
rice development. Statistical data indicate that the average temperature from
May to September remains above 14.5 ℃, fully meeting the temperature
requirements for all key growth stages of rice, including transplanting,
tillering, heading and grain filling. The average temperature of the hottest
month (July) is merely 22.5 ℃, which coincides with the heading and flowering
stage of rice. Such temperature conditions facilitate pollination and grain
setting, and avoid the widespread “high‑temperature forced ripening” phenomenon
in other rice-producing regions, thereby guaranteeing the stable output of
high-quality japonica rice.
Meanwhile, affected by
the continental monsoon climate, the region has a large diurnal temperature
difference in summer, which benefits the accumulation of dry matter in rice.
Sufficient sunshine, prominent day‑night temperature variation and well‑matched
precipitation supply jointly optimize the growth environment. The rational
combination of light, heat and water resources extends the grain filling
duration, restrains pest and disease outbreaks, and maintains the natural
quality of rice. Moderate precipitation and favorable climatic temperature
serve as essential preconditions for high and stable rice yield.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fig 6 Climate Characteristics Change Map
of the Case Area
3.2.4 Water Quality Characteristics
Surface water
resources in Huinan County are mainly recharged by
rainfall, and their seasonal variations are closely correlated with seasonal
precipitation changes. The annual hydrological process can be divided into the
spring flood period, dry season and flood season. In terms of flow condition,
the river regime is classified into the open flow period and the freezing period.In winter, precipitation
decreases markedly and rivers freeze up. Surface water is predominantly
replenished by groundwater, forming the primary dry season of the year, when
surface water resources account for only 5%–10% of the annual total. Snow
accumulated in watersheds and ice frozen in river networks melt with rising
temperatures in March and April each year, giving rise to the spring flood.
Surface water yield during the spring flood generally accounts for 10%–20% of
the annual volume. Scanty precipitation after the spring flood gradually leads
to the pre-flood dry season.
The flood season
begins in June, with rainfall concentrated in July and August. Surface water
resources from June to September contribute approximately 70% of the annual total[6]. Reservoirs act as the core water supply for rice
irrigation in Huinan County. By storing floodwater
during the wet season, they guarantee stable water supply in dry seasons and
critical water‑requiring growth stages of rice, including tillering and grain
filling. Major reservoirs in the region include Hailong
Reservoir, Shidaohe Reservoir, Dayishan
Reservoir and Xiaoyishan Reservoir.Locally,
mountain spring water from Sanjiaolongwan is diverted
into reservoirs near rice planting areas such as Xiaoyishan
Reservoir. The diverted spring water is exposed to sunlight to raise water
temperature before being used for rice irrigation.
Combined with the
physical geographical conditions of the study area and the reality that
reservoirs serve as the main irrigation water sources, irrigation water samples
were collected to further explore the regional habitat advantages (Fig. 7). A
total of 11 water samples were gathered and tested by the Institute of
Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Jilin Academy of
Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Innovation Center for Agricultural Science and
Technology of China).The test results (Table 2)
indicate that the water in the study area is weakly alkaline and complies with
the national hygienic standards for drinking water. Electrical conductivity
reflects the total content of dissolved salts in water, with sample values
ranging from 105 to 317 μS/cm and an average of
178.09 μS/cm. The overall salinity level is low,
which effectively prevents soil salinization. All water quality indicators also
meet the sanitary standards for domestic drinking water and farmland irrigation
water quality criteria.It
can be concluded that the local water quality in Huinan
County is highly suitable for rice cultivation and growth. In addition, the
unique mountain spring irrigation water is rich in diverse trace elements,
including phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other mineral substances, further
underpinning the formation of high-quality rice.
Fig.7 Water Quality Sampling Sites
Distribution Map of Huinan County
Most water samples have
pH values within the suitable range specified by the farmland irrigation water
quality standards, showing neutral to weakly alkaline characteristics (Tab 3).
The concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in all samples are far below
the limit values stipulated in the national Farmland Irrigation Water Quality
Standard (GB 5084-2021)[8].Zinc was not detected
in nine samples; among the detectable samples, the maximum zinc content was
0.856 μg/L and the minimum was 0.669 μg/L. Lead was undetectable in three samples, while the
measured values of the remaining samples ranged from 0.005 μg/L
to 0.632 μg/L. The excellent water quality fully
guarantees the safety of irrigation water for rice cultivation and lays a solid
foundation for the quality and safety of local rice products..
The producing area
mainly diverts water from volcanic barrier lakes for irrigation. Such water
sources remain pure and become rich in minerals and trace elements after
flowing through volcanic rock layers. During irrigation, they continuously
supply natural nutrients that are relatively scarce in local soil for rice
growth, forming a unique ecological cycle of mineral supplementation through
water and creating favorable growing conditions for rice.According to the test data in Tab 3, the
contents of all hazardous substances (heavy metals and metalloids) are far
below the limits specified in the national standard Farmland Irrigation Water
Quality Standard (GB 5084-2021). Notably, cadmium was not detected in all water
samples. As one of the most easily enriched heavy metals in rice, cadmium poses
severe hazards to human health, especially damaging the kidneys and bones. The
complete absence of cadmium fundamentally eliminates the potential risk of
cadmium contamination in rice grown on volcanic ash substrates. It constitutes
a critical safety advantage and a core competitive feature of Huinan rice products.
Lead and mercury are
common environmental toxicants. The test results show that lead is mostly
undetectable, and mercury contents remain at an extremely low level, indicating
that the study area is far away from industrial pollution and boasts a sound natural
ecological environment. Sample No.10 presents a relatively higher selenium
concentration compared with other sampling sites; nevertheless, this high value
is fully within the safety standards and not caused by anthropogenic pollution.
The extremely low contents of chromium and nickel further prove that no
excessive heavy metals are dissolved when water flows through basalt strata,
which reflects the stability and safety of the volcanic rock filtration system.
In conclusion, the
irrigation water in the study area features superior quality and extremely low
pollutant concentrations. It not only reflects the excellent ecological
environment of Huinan County, but also provides
abundant trace elements for rice growth and further improves the nutritional
quality of rice. Therefore, high-quality water resources serve as one of the
core cornerstones for building the green, organic, safe and healthy brand image
of volcanic ash substrate rice.
Table 2 Detection Data of Water Quality
Nutrients in the Case Study Area
|
Sample |
pH |
Total Water-Soluble Salt Content (Electrical Conductivity at 25℃)（μS/cm） |
Mg |
P |
K |
Ca |
Mo（μg/L） |
Mn（μg/L） |
Fe |
|
W(1) |
7.27 |
198 |
5948 |
42.4 |
1221 |
17996 |
0.91 |
0.572 |
109 |
|
W(2) |
7.12 |
173 |
4942 |
23.6 |
1646 |
16266 |
0.58 |
0.506 |
45.8 |
|
W(3) |
9.15 |
187 |
10570 |
29.1 |
1355 |
11025 |
1.12 |
1.40 |
28.7 |
|
W(4) |
6.88 |
169 |
5754 |
45.8 |
1066 |
15922 |
1.16 |
1.06 |
85.5 |
|
W(5) |
7.02 |
153 |
4896 |
81.3 |
922 |
14176 |
0.7 |
8.92 |
636 |
|
W(6) |
7.14 |
127 |
4576 |
59.9 |
934 |
9390 |
0.45 |
1.63 |
128 |
|
W(7) |
6.97 |
105 |
3445 |
31.3 |
659 |
11799 |
0.46 |
1.77 |
224 |
|
W(8) |
7.05 |
190 |
6492 |
32.2 |
1365 |
23124 |
3.04 |
2.07 |
65.7 |
|
W(9) |
7.03 |
226 |
6196 |
76.6 |
479 |
26357 |
0.89 |
1.4 |
142 |
|
W(10) |
7.33 |
317 |
8599 |
82.7 |
2245 |
27563 |
1.86 |
4.22 |
462 |
|
W(11) |
7.35 |
114 |
3414 |
66.2 |
1001 |
9744 |
0.52 |
4.07 |
815 |
|
Average Value |
7.3 |
178.09 |
5893.81 |
51.91 |
1172.09 |
16669.27 |
1.06 |
2.51 |
249.24 |
Table 3 Heavy Metal Detection Data of Water Quality in the
Study Area
Unit：μg/L
|
Sample |
Cr |
Ni |
Cu |
As |
Zn |
Se |
Cd |
Hg |
Pb |
|
Water (1) |
0.179 |
1.02 |
0.86 |
Not Detected |
1.15 |
0.113 |
Not Detected |
0.161 |
0.074 |
|
Water (2) |
0.053 |
0.45 |
0.77 |
Not Detected |
0.84 |
0.175 |
Not Detected |
0.123 |
Not Detected |
|
Water (3) |
0.109 |
0.59 |
1.03 |
Not Detected |
1.45 |
0.113 |
Not Detected |
0.125 |
Not Detected |
|
Water (4) |
0.092 |
1.14 |
1.10 |
Not Detected |
1.81 |
0.287 |
Not Detected |
0.111 |
0.008 |
|
Water (5) |
1.13 |
1.51 |
1.96 |
Not Detected |
0.89 |
0.983 |
Not Detected |
0.107 |
0.265 |
|
Water (6) |
0.300 |
0.91 |
0.97 |
Not Detected |
0.32 |
0.150 |
Not Detected |
0.097 |
0.005 |
|
Water (7) |
0.289 |
0.82 |
1.35 |
Not Detected |
0.96 |
0.335 |
Not Detected |
0.097 |
0.065 |
|
Water (8) |
0.373 |
0.76 |
1.68 |
Not Detected |
1.51 |
0.222 |
Not Detected |
0.097 |
Not Detected |
|
Water (9) |
0.165 |
0.92 |
1.20 |
Not Detected |
1.35 |
0.149 |
Not Detected |
0.093 |
0.023 |
|
Water (10) |
0.898 |
2.29 |
3.37 |
0.669 |
1.88 |
0.806 |
Not Detected |
0.095 |
0.445 |
|
Water (11) |
1.03 |
2.07 |
2.27 |
0.856 |
1.47 |
0.754 |
Not Detected |
0.091 |
0.632 |
|
Average Value |
0.42 |
1.13 |
1.50 |
0.76 |
1.23 |
0.37 |
Not Detected |
0.11 |
0.19 |
|
Standard for Irrigation Water Quality |
≤100 |
≤200 |
≤500 |
≤2000 |
≤50 |
≤20 |
≤10 |
≤1 |
≤200 |
3.4.3 soil characteristics
To
further investigate the soil properties of the study area, surface soil samples
were collected from different townships within the case region (Fig.8). The
determination and analysis of trace element contents in soil samples were
completed by the Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Innovation
Center for Agricultural Science and Technology of China). A total of soil
samples from nine townships were tested.The
results indicated that the soil pH ranged from slightly acidic to neutral,
which meets the physiological pH requirements for rice growth. The soil was
rich in organic matter. The total nitrogen content varied from 1.27 g/kg to
3.12 g/kg, with an average of 1.97 g/kg; the total phosphorus content ranged
from 0.61 g/kg to 1.45 g/kg, averaging 0.91 g/kg; the total potassium content
was between 17.00 g/kg and 21.59 g/kg, with a mean value of 19.81 g/kg (Tab
4).In accordance with the national grading standards for soil total nitrogen,
total phosphorus and total potassium, the soil fertility in Huinan
County reaches a high level, among which total nitrogen content meets the
highest grade. Abundant soil nutrients can provide stable and continuous
supplies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium throughout the rice growth
period. This lays a solid foundation for high yield, superior quality, lodging
resistance and disease and pest tolerance of rice, and helps improve crop
productivity and quality as well as enhance plant stress resistance.
The
magnesium content in soil samples ranged from 6,509 mg/kg to 21,197 mg/kg, with
an average of 9,804.33 mg/kg, which was higher than that in other major
rice-producing areas. As an essential core element for photosynthesis,
magnesium directly affects photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient metabolism,
and is crucial to rice yield formation and quality improvement.The soil calcium content varied from
3,127 mg/kg to 20,273 mg/kg, with an average of 7,037.44 mg/kg at a relatively
high level. During rice growth, calcium plays a vital role in maintaining cell
structure stability, balancing nutrient absorption, and enhancing stress and
disease resistance.In
summary, the unique volcanic ash substrate soil in Huinan
County is rich in secondary elements such as magnesium and calcium that are
indispensable for rice cultivation, thereby providing a superior soil
environment for local rice production.
Meanwhile,
the soil in the study area is abundant in diverse trace elements. The iron
content ranges from 30,410 mg/kg to 63,584 mg/kg, with an average of 39,172.44
mg/kg; manganese varies from 317 mg/kg to 1,423 mg/kg, averaging 658.89 mg/kg;
zinc content is between 72.7 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, with a mean value of 99.248
mg/kg. The contents of these beneficial trace elements for rice growth are
significantly higher than those in soils of other rice-producing regions.Although crops require
only a small amount of such trace elements, their deficiency will cause obvious
physiological disorders in rice and restrict rice quality and yield. The
abundant reserve of trace elements in the volcanic ash soil of Huinan County further highlights the superior soil
conditions for high-quality rice cultivation.
Fig
8 Soil Sampling Sites Distribution Map of Huinan
County
Table
4 Soil
Nutrient Detection Data for the Case Study Area
|
Sample |
pH |
OM （g/kg） |
TN （g/kg） |
TP （g/kg） |
TK （g/kg） |
Mg （mg/kg） |
Ca（mg/kg） |
Mn（mg/kg） |
Fe （mg/kg） |
|
Soil(1) |
5.54 |
39.20 |
1.74 |
0.61 |
21.59 |
8088 |
5951 |
317 |
30499 |
|
Soil(2) |
6.24 |
29.10 |
2.86 |
1.45 |
17 |
9522 |
3867 |
511 |
54864 |
|
Soil(3) |
6.26 |
16.80 |
1.27 |
0.64 |
20.48 |
7481 |
4261 |
477 |
30410 |
|
Soil(4) |
5.75 |
30.50 |
1.72 |
1.29 |
17.33 |
21197 |
20273 |
1423 |
63584 |
|
Soil(5) |
5.48 |
45.10 |
1.41 |
0.9 |
21.02 |
11774 |
11552 |
918 |
39710 |
|
Soil(6) |
5.91 |
33.60 |
2.06 |
0.89 |
21.55 |
7356 |
3710 |
529 |
33159 |
|
Soil(7) |
5.56 |
24.30 |
3.12 |
0.93 |
18.59 |
9434 |
6295 |
641 |
37511 |
|
Soil(8) |
5.57 |
16.90 |
1.51 |
0.71 |
20.55 |
6878 |
3127 |
646 |
32163 |
|
Soil(9) |
5.91 |
23.80 |
2.04 |
0.7481 |
20.17 |
6509 |
4301 |
468 |
30652 |
|
Average Value |
5.80 |
28.81 |
1.97 |
0.91 |
19.81 |
9804.33 |
7037.44 |
658.89 |
39172.44 |
The
contents of eight soil pollution control elements in the study area, including
chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, are all far
below the risk screening values specified in the national standard Soil
Environmental Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of
Agricultural Land (Trial) (GB 15618-2018)[9] (Tab 5). The test results
fully demonstrate that the soil in the study area is clean and pollution-free,
providing a fundamental guarantee for the production of safe and high-quality
rice grown on volcanic ash substrates.
Table 5 Comparison of Soil Test and Risk Screening Values in
the Study Area
Unit：mg/kg
|
Sample |
Cr |
Ni |
Cu |
Zn |
As |
Cd |
Hg |
Pb |
|
Soil(1) |
206.4 |
37.8 |
22.6 |
78 |
6.78 |
0.271 |
0.0398 |
22.5 |
|
Soil(2) |
157.3 |
52.5 |
28.6 |
125 |
6.71 |
0.313 |
0.0356 |
21.4 |
|
Soil(3) |
72.8 |
28 |
21.6 |
72.7 |
8.33 |
0.241 |
0.0345 |
23.8 |
|
Soil(4) |
101 |
34.9 |
39.9 |
125 |
6.7 |
0.345 |
0.028 |
18.3 |
|
Soil(5) |
243.4 |
42.6 |
25.9 |
95.8 |
8.67 |
0.278 |
0.0438 |
25.4 |
|
Soil(6) |
128.5 |
32.2 |
23.7 |
88.6 |
7.35 |
0.288 |
0.0432 |
26 |
|
Soil(7) |
89.6 |
41.8 |
26.7 |
106 |
8.22 |
0.32 |
0.0357 |
26.8 |
|
Soil(8) |
93.7 |
28.3 |
23.7 |
82.5 |
10.5 |
0.241 |
0.0398 |
30.6 |
|
Soil(9) |
138.8 |
31 |
25.1 |
79.2 |
9.98 |
0.226 |
0.0412 |
30.4 |
|
Average Value |
136.83 |
41.60 |
26.42 |
94.76 |
8.14 |
0.28 |
0.0379 |
25.02 |
|
Screening Values
for Soil Pollution Risk in Agricultural Land |
≤250 |
≤70 |
≤50 |
≤200 |
≤30 |
≤0.4 |
≤0.5 |
≤100 |
Combined with the test
results, this section discusses the advantages of soil conditions for rice
production in the study area. Located in the volcanic belt at the western foot
of the Changbai Mountains, Huinan
County is dominated by volcanic ash soil, which also retains the typical
characteristics of the Northeast China Black Soil Region.In
terms of physical properties, volcanic ash soil features a loose texture, high
porosity, and favorable permeability and aeration, which facilitate root
extension, respiration, and the absorption of water and nutrients for rice.
From the perspective of chemical composition, weathered volcanic ejecta release
abundant minerals and trace elements, while the overlying black soil and humus
layer provide sufficient organic matter and basic fertility such as nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium. This endows the soil with both excellent water and
fertilizer retention capacity and good aeration.What
makes it particularly unique is the "slab land" formed by solidified
volcanic lava in some local areas. The overlying 10–30 cm fertile soil, formed
by ten thousand years of weathering and humus deposition, is extremely rich in
minerals. Meanwhile, the slab rock has a low heat capacity, leading to a larger
diurnal temperature range, which further promotes nutrient accumulation in rice
during the grain filling stage. In addition, diverse paddy soil types
distributed in the region, including albic paddy soil, alluvial paddy soil and
peat soil, also provide diverse and fertile site conditions for rice growth.Tests show that the soil
environmental quality of the region is excellent, clean and pollution-free,
providing a fundamental guarantee for the production of safe and high-quality
rice grown on volcanic ash substrates. Notably, zinc has a dual role: it is not
only an essential micronutrient for plants, but also a potential environmental
pollution risk element. When zinc content in soil is insufficient, crops will
develop symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, smaller leaves, and shortened
internodes (rosette disease), which seriously affect yield and quality. When
the zinc concentration in soil is excessively high, it will transform from a
nutrient element into a toxic element, which entirely depends on its
concentration and the surrounding environment.The
average zinc content in the soil of the study area is 94.76 mg/kg, which falls
within the suitable range for plant growth and can effectively meet crop
demands. Meanwhile, this value is far below the national risk screening values
for agricultural land soil contamination, indicating no risk of zinc pollution.
Therefore, the test results of soil samples in the case area fully reflect the
cleanliness and superiority of the volcanic ash substrate soil environment in
the Changbai Mountain region.
4 Rice
Product Characteristics Data
Huinan County features unique habitat advantages for
rice cultivation, and the superiority of local habitat conditions is ultimately
reflected in the quality of its rice products.
4.1
Rice Varieties
(1) Hongke Series
The rice varieties independently developed in Huinan County are mainly the Hongke
Series, including Hongke 728, 785, 825, 87, 880 and
other cultivars. Combined with the habitat characteristics of Huinan County described earlier, these varieties feature a
compact plant type, strong tillering ability, and erect and upward-pointing
flag leaves. Their required accumulated temperature ranges from 2620℃ to 2800℃, which is highly
compatible with the local meteorological condition (annual accumulated
temperature exceeding 2800℃) mentioned in
previous sections, as well as well adapted to the local climate and soil conditions.With high-quality rice as their core advantage,
these varieties are characterized by high head rice yield, low gelatinization
temperature, high gel consistency, and moderate amylose content. All of them
meet the national high-quality rice standards, guaranteeing superior cooking
and eating quality. Meanwhile, they also exhibit sound resistance to major rice
diseases such as rice blast and sheath blight, boasting comprehensive
advantages including strong planting adaptability, high yield, and excellent
taste of finished rice products.
(2) Wuyoudao 4
Huinan is located in the Northeast monsoon climate zone.
When warm currents pass through the region, the wind direction shifts to
southwest-to-northeast, triggering the backflow of the warm current[7]. This results in 2–3℃ higher active accumulated temperature in the
study area compared with other regions, which helps meet the active accumulated
temperature demand of high-quality rice from April to September and guarantees
the sound growth of rice.
Meanwhile, affected by the unique geographical and
climatic conditions of the producing area, Wuyoudao 4
achieves abundant dry matter accumulation, with moderate amylose content and
relatively high amylopectin content. The large diurnal temperature difference
during the rice maturity stage promotes the accumulation of rapidly soluble
disaccharides in Wuyoudao 4 rice, which is highly
beneficial to human health. The cultivated rice features uniform grain size,
bright and glossy appearance, as well as a rich, lingering flavor and intense
fragrance.
(3) Zhongkefa 5
Zhongkefa 5 is one of the core cultivars for high-quality
and stable yield of Huinan rice. It has a whole
growth period of about 150 days, suitable for single-cropping rice cultivation
in the medium-maturity rice regions of Huinan. It
requires an active accumulated temperature ≥10℃ of 2,700-2,750℃, which is highly
compatible with the climatic conditions of Huinan County.This cultivar has a plant height of about 102.8 cm,
strong tillering ability, approximately 18,200 effective panicles per hectare,
118.3 total grains per panicle, a seed setting rate of 79.9%, and a 1000-grain
weight of 26.9 g, with outstanding lodging resistance. In terms of quality
traits, it achieves a head rice yield of 70.1%, chalky grain rate of 6.0%,
chalkiness degree of 1.8%, amylose content of 16.1%, gel consistency of 70 mm,
and a length-width ratio of 3.0, meeting the Grade 2 high-quality rice standard
of the agricultural industry. It produces slender, translucent rice grains with
minimal white belly; the cooked rice is elastic, moist and fragrant, with no
starch retrogradation even after cooling.The
volcanic ash substrate in Huinan is rich in trace
elements such as potassium, calcium and selenium. Coupled with unique local
conditions including mineral spring water irrigation (with a water temperature
of 6-9℃), a growth period of 138-145 days, and a diurnal
temperature difference of about 11℃, these factors
facilitate the accumulation of flavor substances in Zhongkefa
5, and optimize the performance of chalkiness degree and head rice yield. This cultivar also features cold
tolerance and lodging resistance, which can reduce losses caused by early
frost, wind and rain disasters, and ensure stable yield.With the comprehensive advantages of "high
yield, high quality and stress resistance", Zhongkefa
5 has become a key cultivar for achieving simultaneous improvement in both
yield and quality of Huinan rice. Its ecological
synergy with volcanic rock fields and mineral spring water irrigation not only
ensures food security, but also enhances brand value, serving as a typical
example of green and efficient production of Northeast japonica rice.
4.2
Rice Test Result Data
A total of 6 field investigations were carried out
for this project. The collected Huinan rice samples
were sent to the Institute of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety,
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, for trace element detection. As
shown in Table 6, the contents of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in Huinan rice are generally high, reflecting the enrichment
effect of mineral elements in the volcanic ash substrate soil. In addition,
trace elements including zinc, manganese, iron and selenium were all detected
in the samples, demonstrating the advantage of volcanic ash substrate rice in
terms of trace element nutrition.
Table 6 Trace Element (Nutrient) Test Data of Rice
Samples in the Case Area
Unit：mg/kg
|
Sample |
Huinan Rice |
Zhongke Fa 5 |
|
Ca |
73.6 |
62.2 |
|
K |
890 |
888 |
|
P |
884 |
880 |
|
Mg |
210 |
185 |
|
Mn |
8.10 |
11.2 |
|
Fe |
3.13 |
3.81 |
|
Zn |
12.8 |
12.5 |
|
Co |
0.00422 |
0.00631 |
|
Se |
0.034 |
0.051 |
|
Cu |
1.50 |
2.16 |
|
Mo |
0.413 |
0.512 |
|
Ti |
0.167 |
0.155 |
|
Si |
64.2 |
54.2 |
By comparing the test data of Huinan
rice with the national standards[10], it was found that the contents of pollutants
such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in the rice are far below the
maximum limit values of each element specified in the standards. These
comparison results show that the pollutant content in Huinan
rice is extremely low, fully complying with national standards, and even far
superior to the standard requirements. This also demonstrates the rice planting
advantages of Huinan County: the region boasts an
excellent planting environment, and the produced rice features outstanding
quality, as shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Detection Data of Safety Indicators for Rice Samples in the Case Study
Area
Unit：mg/kg
|
Sample |
Huinan Rice |
Limit Indicators for
Contaminants in Food |
|
Pb |
Not Detected |
0.2 |
|
Cd |
0.0115 |
0.2 |
|
Cr |
0.143 |
1 |
|
Ni |
Not Detected |
None |
|
As |
0.0862 |
0.35 |
|
Hg |
0.00543 |
0.02 |
5 Socioeconomic
Development and Industrial Management
5.1
Overview of Socio-economic Development in Huinan
County
In 2023, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Huinan County reached 10,269 billion yuan, with a
year-on-year growth of 6.0%. The industrial structure ratio of the primary,
secondary and tertiary industries was 24.1:23.6:52.3. The local fiscal revenue
totaled 880 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 85.8%; fixed asset investment
amounted to 3.46 billion yuan, rising by 5.9% year on year. The per capita
disposable income of rural permanent residents was 19,849 yuan, representing a
year-on-year growth of 5.7%, while that of urban permanent residents reached
30,331 yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 4.3% (Table 8).
Table
8 Statistical Tab of Agricultural Economic Changes in Huinan
County from 2020 to 2023[2]
|
Total Population (10000 persons) |
Gross Regional Product (100 million yuan) |
Per Capita GDP (yuan) |
Added Value of Primary Industry (100 million yuan) |
Grain Cultivated Area (ha) |
Grain Yield (107kg) |
Rice Cultivated Area (ha) |
Rice Yield (107kg) |
|
|
2020 |
31.96 |
88.47 |
27464 |
22.75 |
75300 |
51.616 |
31333 |
22.66 |
|
2021 |
23 |
92.95 |
39927 |
22.76 |
75347 |
53.14 |
32149 |
24.65 |
|
2022 |
22.01 |
98.52 |
43777 |
25.24 |
76894 |
54.45 |
32312 |
24.93 |
|
2023 |
21.41 |
102.69 |
47300 |
24.7 |
77160 |
55.56 |
32536 |
25.36 |
5.2
History and Inheritance of Rice Production
Huinan rice has a long-standing production history, and
its rice cultivation tradition can be traced back to the late Ming and early
Qing dynasties. According to the Huinan County
Annals, during 1570–1640, there was a Korean immigrant tribe with more
than 200 residents at the foot of Bingwu Mountain of
the Longgang Mountains in the Changbai Mountain area
(present-day Qingyang Town, Huinan County). The tribe
settled here, reclaimed wasteland, and cultivated rice along the Jiao River,
bringing the earliest japonica rice cultivation and rice processing
technologies to Huinan, and thus opening the history
of rice planting in the county.
In the 35th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming
Dynasty (1607), Nurhachi, the founder of the Qing
Dynasty, conquered the Huifa tribe. During a hunting
trip, he tasted the local rice and was impressed by its excellent taste. He
then set up an imperial hunting ground along the Huifa
River, appointed special personnel to supervise the cultivation and production,
and listed Huinan rice as a tribute rice for the
imperial court. Since then, the quality advantage of Huinan
rice has been officially recognized.
After the founding of the People's Republic of
China, the cultivation and production of Huinan rice
entered a stage of rapid development. In the 1960s, local authorities tested
and promoted rice bed seedling raising and film seedling raising technologies,
improving the standardization level of rice cultivation. In the 1980s, rice
cultivation technology achieved great breakthroughs, with significant
improvements in planting efficiency and yield.In
1987, Huinan rice was selected as the special rice
for the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In 2006, it was
selected as the exclusive rice for central government agencies by the
Government Offices Administration of the State Council. In 2013, it
successfully obtained the national trademark and the certification of National
Geographical Indication Product. From 2014 to 2016, it won the Gold Award at
the 15th, 16th and 17th China Green Food Expo for three consecutive years.Meanwhile, Huinan County was listed by the Ministry of Agriculture as
one of the first national-level standardized planting bases for green rice.
Enterprises in the county have successively obtained organic food and green
food certifications, with the total certified area reaching 2000 hm². The brand influence and quality recognition of Huinan rice have been continuously improved, accumulating a
solid brand foundation for the cultivation of its geographical indication
5.3
Rice Cultivation and Management
5.3.1 Seed and Seedling Management
Certified japonica rice varieties with
low-temperature tolerance, saline-alkali resistance and strong disease
resistance are selected. Standards including seed vitality determination,
saline-alkali tolerance identification and sterile line evaluation are
implemented to guarantee variety purity and stress resistance.At the seedling raising stage,
standardized greenhouse seedling cultivation, simple plastic pot tray seedling
raising, as well as seedling raising technologies with straw substrate and
fungus residue substrate are fully popularized. Unified sowing rate, seedling
age and seedbed management are adopted, combined with seedling tray quality
evaluation and seeder operation specifications, to cultivate uniform, robust
and stress-resistant seedlings at the appropriate seedling age (35–40 days).
5.3.2 Cultivation Technology Management
Land preparation adopts autumn or spring ploughing
combined with paddy field flooding and harrowing. Integrated with full straw
incorporation and conservation tillage with high stubble retention, soil
fertility and water conservation capacity are significantly improved. The
transplanting period focuses on mid-to-late May. With a reasonable control of
planting density (10.6–13.3 ten thousand holes per hectare, 2–3 plants per
hole), lightweight and precision technologies such as mechanical direct seeding
(dry direct seeding/wet direct seeding), mechanical side-depth fertilization
synchronously with transplanting, and mechanical film mulching are promoted.Fertilization implements soil testing and
formulated fertilization, combined application of organic and inorganic
fertilizers, and norms for reducing chemical fertilizer application and
increasing efficiency. Rotted organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer,
and precise topdressing is conducted at the tillering and booting stages
according to seedling conditions, thereby improving fertilizer use efficiency
and reducing non-point source pollution.Water
management follows the regulations of low-temperature tolerant water and
fertilizer regulation and dry farming for high quality and safety. A cyclic
irrigation mode of "shallow-wet-dry" is adopted. During
low-temperature periods, deep water is used to protect seedlings, balancing
water conservation, cold resistance and root vitality cultivation.
5.3.3 Monitoring and Green Prevention & Control of
Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds
Professional academic English translation,
consistent with your previous agricultural terminology and writing style:Standardized data collection
norms for forecasting, investigation and risk early warning of major diseases
and pests such as striped rice borer and rice blast shall be established to
realize the integration of monitoring, early warning and prevention and control.Green development and
comprehensive measures are prioritized in the whole prevention and control
process. Biological control measures including trichogramma
release and sex pheromone trapping are adopted to reduce pest populations.
Low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected with a strict compliance
to the safety interval period. Meanwhile, testing standards such as rice blast
resistance identification and borer resistance grading are implemented to
enhance variety resistance and precise control. This practice reduces the input
of chemical pesticides, and ensures rice quality safety and farmland ecological
health.
5.4
Rice Industry Development and Brand Construction
5.4.1 Rice Industry Development
As shown in Table 8, the rice planting area in Huinan County has increased year by year recently,
accompanied by a substantial growth in rice output and a rapid rise in per unit
yield. The rice industry presents a sound development momentum with expanding
standardized production bases. At present, a national standardized production
base for green food raw materials (rice) covering 150,000 mu has been
constructed. The Santong River Organic and Green Rice
Industrial Park has been recognized as a provincial modern
agricultural industrial park, and the number of green and organically certified
agricultural products keeps growing steadily. It has laid a solid industrial
foundation for subsequent research.
5.4.2 Brand Construction
A rice brand system has been preliminarily
established in Huinan County, forming a
"dual-wheel drive" model that combines a regional public brand with
enterprises’ own brands. "Huinan Rice"
serves as the regional public brand, while the "Jizhen"
brand, owned by the leading enterprise "Huinong
Jingdao", has been recognized as one of the "Top Ten
Platinum-Reputation Brands of Jilin Rice", and is a Jilin Province Famous
Brand Product and a gold award winner at the Agricultural Expo.
A number of local brands have obtained multiple
certifications, including green food, organic food and ISO quality management
system certification. The whole-process traceability system from field to table
has been implemented, continuously enhancing brand credibility and market
influence.
5.5
Construction of Ground Real-Time Observation Stations and Traceability Systems
To better realize the whole-process traceability
of rice growth environment and production process, ensure the quality and
safety of rice, and respond to the demand for quality advantage and brand
building of Huinan rice described earlier, Huinan County has built an automatic observation station
for rice habitat.
This observation station adopts a low-power
Internet of Things (IoT) perception system, which is equipped with the
automatic identification and recording function for 10 location-based
observation parameters, including real-time visible landscape, air temperature,
air humidity, air quality, wind speed and wind direction[8].
It can realize real-time monitoring and data storage of the rice growth
environment, providing accurate data support for rice quality traceability and
growth environment optimization. It further improves the whole-process quality
control system of "from farm to table", and provides quality
guarantee for the cultivation of geographical indications (Figure 9, Figure
10).
Fig.9 Scan for habitat
observation station data
Fig.10 Real-time landscape image observed by ground observation station